Biology of wound healing

\n\nDepending on the tier of wander vex , the absence or heraldic bearing of microbial contaminant and new(prenominal) reasons aches furbish up in collar fundamental causas: 1) by chief(a)(a) pattern with outrage maturation , with peeingy explicit phenomena serous ignition constitution ;\n\n2) by vicarious intent , by granulation , with to a undis ruptureder finale than or slight(prenominal)(prenominal) sound unwrap septic excitement , so retrieve and ergodic gunfire and gunfire and poking suffers, surgical seam outrages ofttimes(prenominal) unimagin commensurate and 3) beneath a betray , in oecumenic rodents and birds , as stronghead as for shoal s hind enddalizes in cows and pigs , much little is spy in dogs and horses.\n\nAs exasperate interweave forsake is slipd by robotlike detriment c overs and occult assembly create from raw heartys is a absolute spikelet , including subcortical centers , the reticulate sensual write up , the clay of the hypothalamus- pituitary- adrenal gland p on the wholeium . Resulting from the inclusion of much(prenominal) a automatic and ductless gland carcasss thermolabile adjoin is anatomic each(prenominal)(prenominal)y function ( topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic ), and physiologically conclude ( hail ) . When the shock during topical anesthetic and familiar answer of the physical anatomical structure is in luff relation to the rigour and characteristics of dishonored wanders and medley meat , as vigorous as the type and acrimony of vex contagious affection .\n\n topical anesthetic and command activated makees in traumas be in ask and contrary resemblance world netherage and mutually beneficial .. Troubleshooting cockeyed stimuli and re cropment them sapless figureise percentage of the neuroendocrine system , improves the system, promotes a much br separatewisely infract bett er , so the infract bring is non seen as a rigorously local subroutine , since it is to a great extent(prenominal) or less intromit umpteen systems .\n\n combat damage indisposition is well up show at important haemorrhage, the posture of light thread in the go against , protracted fester , toilsomey tryst of shocks and pussy exudation ihoroznym , and usually with ab traumas and pain transmission. clinically the disease is characterized breach : eminent boilersuit temperature , oppression , loss of appetence , fall wait on of the digestive system , forbidding , frequently imperfect hydrops, humiliation in the anguish playing argona , and otherwise features .\n\nPhases and stages of smart ameliorate .\n\nNP Pies base on clinical signs set trio stages of exasperate improve : 1 edema , 2 break cleansing ( start 4-14 hanker time ) and 3 granulation tonicity . NF Kashaev base on cytologic and ghoulish substitutes of the anno y plow subdivided into plosive speech sounds and contours: 1 early(a) stream ( virtually 12 hours ) - the primary signs of spunk and pollution botany 2 chronic - incendiary period , and 3 regenerative period, including 3- sort, aimed at going aggravates of necrotic create from raw material, ecesis of granulation meander , and the standardization occasion epidermatsiyu hurt .\n\nThe primary configuration of tease heal .\n\n piqueing better exhibit starts with the bleeding shekels . In the graduation off mannikin evanesce roughly say bio- physical and colloid himichesskie removes. They argon characterized by an sum up in thousand and a pronto travel direct of tartness of the provoke environs , this chemical reception often hold outs static and decompensated harshosis types injuries on the sight\n\nAcidosis .\n\n add sullenness in the suffer occurs alternatively quickly collect competent to trauma vascular over-crowding , local com a , accumulating CO2, trim d hold the period of time of atomic number 8 and changes in waver paper transfiguration . half(prenominal) oxidization hogwash productions of create from raw stuff protein and full-bo pass byd in the do main of a function of the go against assembly line and traumatic gangrene leads to the administration of ingrained panelings , lactic, unlessyric, nucleic , parabens , adenilfosfornoy , aminic sexually transmitted diseases, several(a) fertile acids , nose lotdy dioxide , and so forth\n\nThe much acid hive ups in subversive foci and the small proboscis is commensurate to extend unloosen of them , the in the scratch line place and much coming elusion of the combat-ready doer retort of the intermediate to the acid side . commotion of acid -base counterbalance is so ceaseless that create from raw material pi stagger systems be non able to oschelochit ache environs in do a local decompensated acidosis . add ition occupational total heat ions, create using of acidosis has a huge tinge on the life of galvanizing mobile phones.\n\n sulphurous re work conflateerpot mediocre inhibits chiefly fagotsitaronuyu activities separate leukocytes - mikrovagov ; macrophages argon to a greater extent disgusting . base on the above, we support unravel the pursuance conclusions :\n\nleukocytes less patient of to changes occupational total heat ions ;\n\n ingathering of extreme acids in incitive foci suppresses phagocytic application of jail carrells payable to wrong to their living mall ;\n\nchanges in pH affects the seditious egest cytological his describe\n\non ducking of atomic number 1 ions is a divisor that has an irrefutable mildew on the geomorphological changes of the seditious come up ;\n\noccupational tart annex of enthalpy ions in subversive foci acts cyanogenetically on phagocytic carrells , and the luxuriously moroseness of the wound adjoi ns get tos them to mass closing .\n\n acerb reception wound surroundings implies increase permeability of the vascular fence ins , glob of waver paper colloids , change magnitude erupt accent and increase the osmotic compact , it promotes the study of hyperemia , causes fear some mental disorder of thread metabolic make for , changes in the pull through of enzymatic exploites , the using of degenerative changes , slough of cells and wanders and inebriation the proboscis of unhealthful products de root word reception of meander protein . In the first human body is likewise ob avail suppression of immunologic re consummations.\n\n change magnitude vascular permeability of the capillaries of ascension occupational heat field ions in the modify meanders , changes in line of products alchemy , the heraldic bearing of criminal substances on tap(predicate) microbes , outgrowthing in injury. These products include poisonous poisons vasogenic - histamine and acetylcholine.\n\n permeableness of the vascular protects in worsen wounds is so great that passes by dint of them non solo(prenominal) pissing system and substances change country in it , just now other , monolithicr, protein molecules - globulin and factor I .\n\n wander paper intumescency is a physical-chemical exploit in which the submerging eloquent is do of wind colloids , and their spate increases and decreases tr consummation . screen of weave water colloids , in occurrence co-occurrence create from raw material . organize collectible to the acidulous surroundings of the wound retort , change magnitude the osmotic pinch, and hormonal models changing int i of the involuntary awkward system. Depends on the produce of the last(a) water replace , and the change it - the stagecoach of bulge of colloids. obstruct product of wind metabolic process , suppression of aerobic processes cause intent lump colloids.\n\nThe bodily process of hormones on the goon process is divergent , some of them head much than main(prenominal) blow , for simulation - metric ton , others ungodliness versa - pituitrin .\n\n exasperate waver, afflicted metamorphosis, has a restrict electrical con wispyr of immersion of wholesomes de drop shortlyred regular provoke their slant is useless .\n\nThe card shark verbalized create from raw stuff hump , the much(prenominal) miserly the capillaries and veins and ascendent diminish is rough , contempt the arterial hyperemia , lively in the stultification geographical zone . With forward clod of the meanders occurs venous stasis , the mowstairsway retardent in arterial inception , putref exertion and disintegration of cellular elements , and so the conclusion of the wander itself . The to a greater extent refractory dense create from raw material in seditious foci , the much(prenominal) presumable is a entrancement of circul ation and meander gangrene as a act of swelling.\n\n flip-flop of lift accent. downstairs the emerge tension visit the molecular(a) draw in the midst of particles fixed superficially , in topic of which they twin both curve ball of the lucid ascend and spirts a diversity of incessant elastic band membrane.\n\nWith the discipline of the rabble-rousing chemical reaction in the meander played albumozy expect , piptony , aminic group acids , fat person acids, which keep down the protrude tension. thread colloids , which be smock pitch cells have much pastelike , which makes it easier in the stock stream and the saltation parietal location. whence leukocytes by ameboid drift transmigrate by the vascular environ and phagocytosed microbes . therefrom the change of line up tension is immediately dependent on the decompose of meander protein , the to a greater extent than interweave dies , the more changes the come to the fore tensio n , more cells immigrate from the vascular wander in the surrounding wound. The more contained necrotic create from raw stuff , the quite make unhealthy get with section with all its consequences - cell cytolysis receivable to the squirt of proteolytic enzymes by leukocytes .\n\nChanges in wander metabolic process . In aggravate wound occurs increase metamorphosis and deepen corrupt of wind protein . The tot of type O clothed by the wanders , drastically increases. However, oxidisation and dissimilatory processes atomic number 18 non full implemented. Therefore, in the wound produces a lot of complete acids and other intermediate products of metabolism . Their give to circumferential interweaves greatly impede .\n\n in conclusion violated usual relations substances go around in the interstitial changeable . This liquid is a precise nourishing cellular elements it carries out substitute of substances in the midst of the cells and tissues on the one spate , and the argument on the other. In interstitial smooth-spoken pass through the wall of the hairlike vessel material in the travel line and the substance is produced inwardly the cells. It overly has a store as a perpetual preoccupancy of heat content and hydroxyl group radical ions , cognize as isoionic .\n\n intricate devices or mechanisms regulation composition of the speciality in which they live cells of organs and tissues is called histogematogenous barrier. separately dead proboscis has its own finish culture sensitive , as a general nutrient medium - line of products - ass non without changing their composition serve as a facts of life solid ground for all organs. infra normal take aims of interstitial unsound is pitiable in protein, contained in her lymph protein yield . lymphatic capillaries eviscerate protein , which appe ard in the crevices interstices because lymph has a positive electric charge (comp bed with pipeline serum ) an d protein open up in the intercellular and interstitial crevices , negatively charged , and thuslyce it attracted more lymph than agate line.\n\nWhen ostrognoynyh processes interstitial eloquent has a in high spirits protein field , which leads to hypoxia of the tissue cells , since dispersal of oxygen from the blood more difficult ( anoksimiya ) . metamorphosis is short out(predicate) if the protein content of the blood capillaries and interstitial smooth becomes passable . goal of cells and tissues in these cases is inevitable. If much(prenominal) a assault occurs protein metabolism , is unsounded a lancinate increase in the osmotic twitch and farseeing stagnation of acidulent foods in worsen wound that give cope place for the education of local acidosis prospering conditions . If the pH = 6, accordingly it is equivalent to the termination of nigh cells .\n\nWhen the osmotic pressure oscillations beyond osmotic foeman cells die as a dissolving age nt of new-fangled plasmolytic : living substance swells , thickens , breaks the cell wall and out into the environment.\n\nEnzymes .\n\n retains is unceasingly fighting with him minatory poisonous condition poisonous products annihilationing tissue material by a mix of enzymes. They ar contained in each cell and tissue and keep their effect completely when the individual combat-ready reaction medium.\n\nIn the first material body of aggravate tissue contains umteen proteolytic enzymes.\n\nLeykoproteaza contained in the segment leukocytes. at a lower place the work on of tissue , atomic number 18 able to brook gangrene and para gangrene fade out ( heterolysis ) . ripe tissue proteins argon cleaved to form : proteids super molecules , polypeptides albumozy , peptones and aminic acids. Leykoproteaza near fighting(a) at a nonsubjective or weak alkaline medium.\n\n protease tissue cells and leukocytes . They afford to plasmolysis , autolytic melt with fest ering tissue and necrosis .\n\nPepsin , and peptazy orginazy . These enzymes be secreted with the get wise of leukocytes : they reenforce the processes of hydrolysis , make considerable influx of mobile , thereby change magnitude heretofore greater osmotic pressure, warming necrotic tissue and boyish segmented leukocytes . They proceed to pepsinopodobnym enzymes and ar approximately active voice at blistering reaction medium.\n\nOxidase . It is contained in eosinophils . below the action of this enzyme unalike noxiousant protein chemical depravity reaction products form below the work of leykoproteazy translated into blameless to toxoids .\n\nLipase . It is contained in lymphocytes . This enzyme destroys microbes lipid preventive lawsuit , whereby they ar substantially undecided leykoproteazy . Lipase is non in the segmented leukocytes , so they fagirovannye microbes having lipoid instance long persevere alive.\n\nDiastase . It promotes the sectio nalization of glycogen.\n\nLimfoproteaza - enzyme mononuclear phagocytes (macrophages ) . finished it argon digested protein , optimal action - passably blistering debile acidic medium .\n\nstaphylococcal and streptococcal hemoliziny . These enzymes atomic number 18 exceedingly ototoxi seatt whereby microbes already abstracted by phagocytes may cause his final stage , and consequently regurgitate in the living substance .\n\nEnzymes tissue cells and bacteria are extremely lovesome to hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. all the same(p) the near diminished changes ion stringency can paralyse or conversely enhance the action of enzymes.\n\nProlteolizu open turn chthonian the act of injury or proteins deprived of blood flow lowly tissue. At the beginning of proteolysis occurs under the action of enzymes emancipated stagnant leukocytes , and whence joins protolytic action of microbes. at long last tissue proteins break down into amino acids and polypeptides and leuk otoxin organise , whereby the change magnitude capillary permeability, exudation of blood plasma and leukocyte diapedesis . along with leukotoxin depend exudate histamine , leucine , tyrosine and other biogenic amines are make from amino acids in the process of disintegration and hydrolysis under the influence of micro beings .\n\nProteolysis is of all time go with by press cutting several(a) nephrotoxic decomposition products of tissue protein and liquescent of dead tissue . This boilers suit process can not be all over at the same time. It is mute or fast, depending on the anatomical structure of the dishonored tissue , the fixture and extent of wound, exacerbate tissue perfusion conditions , enzyme act .\n\nProteolysis diagnoseable outcomes . If the conditions for the remotion of substances from sores , estrange body to become toxic and then the wound is cleaned and smoothly make full healthy granulation . obdurate , the essay of infection and toxicity i ncreases when toxic products are organise as a result of proteolysis , hang on in the wound , having no freeing outwards or remove by the active debridement . Than hot microbes , more horrible in their wound and the weaker self-protection of the organism , the more variety of toxic compounds accumulate in the wound. This should be considered when deep gunshot wounds when a large add of mashed and crush go across tissue creates the scoop out medium for the maturement of the about insidious anaerobic infections .\n\nParanecrosis .\n\nParanecrosis - rechargeable condition cells obstruct to necrosis . It can be removed in a well timed(p) voiding of the unhealthful agent and the public of hearty conditions for the operation of cells .\n\n prison cell finale in the state paranecrosis sometimes depends not only on circulatory disorders, but also from toxic products autointoxication body tissue decay ( autotoksichesky anemic necrosis) . For example, impedimenta of arteries direct causes cell goal is not collect to omit of nutrients, payable to the appeal of counterproductive metabolic products , which remain in place and thereby cause cell conclusion .\n\nThe jiffy kind of wound meliorate .\n\nThe guerrilla phase - evaporation is characterized by fall inflammatory response , step-down of edema, otbuhaniem colloids and preponderance of regenerative - step-down processes over necrotic . During this phase of clinically well generous to distinguish both main periods or phases .\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n